This study gives a broad perspective on the impact of standardization in the Nordic Economies (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland. It finds, via a macroeconomic study, that standardization has contributed to increased labor productivity and GDP growth in all of the Nordic countries. It als...

This study presents a theoretical foundation to support the "dual face of standards", a term referencing the heterogeneous impact of standards on international trade. It also provides new empirical data on the impact of food standardization for Norwegian seafood export, with as main result that whi...

This study looks at the impacts of EU standards on African Exports of textiles, clothing and footwear, focusing on voluntary technical regulations. The key issue the authors are trying to address is how to limit the costs and negative spillovers that product standards can bring. They contend that...

According to advocates, eco-certification is a win–win solution to the problem of environmental degradation caused bydeveloping country agriculture, improving both the environmental and the economic performance of farmers. However, these notionalbenefits can be undercut by the tendency of relatively w...

This IEC book is a compilation of commended papers from the IEC Centenary Challenge, a competition for papers on the economic, business and social impact of International Standards on business. The competition was organized in association with The Economist magazine and in partnership with three lea...

The Standards Council of New Zealand, and several industry stakeholders, co-sponsored Business and Economic Research Ltd (BERL) to undertake a project to measure the economic effects of Standards on the New Zealand economy, in particular in the building and construction sector. The project invol...

The AFNOR study, which was authored by AFNOR's Marketing and Innovation Department, comprises two dimensions: Firstly, a macroeconomic analysis in order to assess the relationship between standards and growth in the long term. This analysis is based on a methodology which was used for the first t...

This study, undertaken by the Manchester Business School for the UK Department of trade and industry (DTI), provides an overview and classification of the literature on standardization and different ways of standards setting (formal standards setting process versus consortia process). Standardizatio...

In recent years, technical standardization has been the subject of numerous academicresearch projects. Although these projects did not ignore economic aspects,they lacked the theoretical background necessary for a detailed analysis. Industryhas become increasingly interested in assessing its econ...

This report provides an analysis, and where possible quantification, of the impact of standards on the Australian economy.

The imperative for sustainable economic growth has attracted an impressive body of economic research to better understand its determinants. Driving much of this research has been the neoclassical view of outputs as a function of physical and human capital as well as productivity1. The relationshi...

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This report provides a comprehensive examination of how standards – in their important role as diffusers of technology and promoters of efficiency in businesses – have impacted UK economic growth. The report and underlying study were commissioned by the British Standards Institution (...

While several past studies have measured the impact of standards on indicators such as output and productivity for a variety of countries, a quantitative analysis that focuses on Belgium has not been performed yet. Based on a dataset containing sector level data spanning 25 years (1994-2018), the...

Many of us believe that standards have a positive impact on society, but with such a large range of standards types and topics, how can we measure this impact? ISO members around the globe have probed this question, asking ‘what is the impact of standards on our national economy’? We ...

Formal standards codify knowledge. Next to patents representing the generation of innovative knowledge, standards can hence be used to proxy the diffusion of innovative knowledge in macroeconomic growth models. Previous work mainly investigates the positive impact of in particular patents, but al...

The Standards Council of Canada (SCC) retained The Conference Board of Canada to undertake a study to examine the impact of standardization on the Canadian economy. The study was based on research methodology that was originally used in Germany (DIN 2000) and the United Kingdom (BSI 2005) and adapte...

Utilizing matched firm-trade data, this study examines the effect of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) on trade margins and quality upgrading in Chinese manufacturing. We find that TBTs are associated with higher probability of exit. Surviving exporters enjoy larger sales and charge higher expor...